1. Left Heart Failure
- Forward failure, that means have problem getting the blood out of heart. So EDV will increase, because you cannot get all the blood out.
- Pulmonary Edema - Ok, how does this happens? The pressure and volume build up in the left ventricle go back to left atrium, and then back to pulmonary vessels, which increases hydrostatic pressure and then results in pulmonary edema.
- There will be hemorrhage and the alveolar macrophages will phagocytose RBCs, leading to rusty colored sputum.
- Main symptom in LHF is Dyspnea [trouble breathing because of fluid in lungs].
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea and Pillow Orthopnea.
- Backward failure, cannot get blood into heart [through pul vessels], so there is a build up of blood causes increases pressure --> leads to Neck vein distention, Hepatomegaly, Nutmeg liver [due to increased pressure in the vena cava ].
- Thus MCC of congested hepatomegaly is RHF. Pitting edema can also be seen as a sign.
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